Methods for Advertising Extensible Capability Feature Sets for User Equipment (UE)

ABSTRACT

Embodiments include methods for a user equipment (UE) to advertise UE capabilities to a network node in a radio access network. Such methods include transmitting to the network node one or more BandCombination elements. Each BandCombination element includes: a list of frequency bands in which the UE can concurrently transmit and/or receive information, and a FeatureSetCombination element that identifies features supported by the UE within each frequency band of the list. Such methods include receiving from the network node a configuration including: identification of one or more frequency bands from the list included in a particular one of the BandCombination elements, and for each identified frequency band, configuration of one or more features identified by the FeatureSetCombination element included in the particular BandCombination element. Other embodiments include complementary methods for a network node, as well as UEs and network nodes configured to perform such methods.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wirelesscommunications, and more specifically to techniques that enable awireless device to advertise its supported features and/or capabilitiesto a wireless network, thereby facilitating interoperability between thedevice and the network.

BACKGROUND

Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according totheir ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless adifferent meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context inwhich it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus,component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referringto at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means,step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methodsdisclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact orderdisclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following orpreceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step mustfollow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodimentsdisclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, whereverappropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may applyto any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features,and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from thefollowing description.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an umbrella term for so-calledfourth-generation (4G) radio access technologies developed within theThird-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and initially standardizedin Releases 8 and 9, also known as Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN). LTE istargeted at various licensed frequency bands and is accompanied byimprovements to non-radio aspects commonly referred to as SystemArchitecture Evolution (SAE), which includes Evolved Packet Core (EPC)network. LTE continues to evolve through subsequent releases that aredeveloped according to standards-setting processes with 3GPP and itsworking groups (WGs), including the Radio Access Network (RAN) WG, andsub-working groups (e.g., RAN1, RAN2, etc.).

In LTE, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used to configure,setup, and maintain the radio connection between the user equipment (UE)and the base station, known as the evolved Node B (eNB). When the UEreceives an RRC message from the eNB, it will apply the configuration(also referred to herein as “compile the configuration”), and if thissucceeds the UE generates an RRC complete message that indicates thetransaction ID of the message that triggered this response.

Since LTE Release 8, three Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs), namely SRB0,SRB1 and SRB2 have been available for the transport of RRC andNon-Access Stratum (NAS) messages between the UE and eNB. A new SRB,known as SRB1bis, was also introduced in rel-13 for supporting DoNAS(Data Over NAS) in NB-IoT.

SRB0 carries RRC messages using the CCCH logical channel, and it is usedfor handling RRC connection setup, resume, and re-establishment. Oncethe UE is connected to the eNB (i.e., RRC connection setup or RRCconnection reestablishment/resume has succeeded), SRB1 is used forhandling further RRC messages (which may include a piggybacked NASmessage) and NAS messages, prior to the establishment of SRB2, all usingDCCH logical channel. SRB2 is used for RRC messages such as loggedmeasurement information, as well as for NAS messages, all using DCCH.SRB2 has a lower priority than SRB1, because logged measurementinformation and NAS messages can be lengthy and could cause the blockingof more urgent and smaller SRB1 messages. SRB2 is always configured byE-UTRAN after security activation.

In many communication protocols, the two participating parties (or“peers”) exchange the information about their respective capabilities.This ensures that each peer does not request any capability which is notsupported by the other peer. In LTE, the UE Capability Information is anRRC message that a UE sends to the serving eNB, usually during aninitial registration process with the LTE network. This RRC messageinforms the network about all the details of the UE's capabilities.

In the LTE UE Capability Information message, the UE can indicate notonly whether it supports a particular feature, but also whether itsupports such a feature when operating on particular frequency band(s).In other words, the UE can indicate that it supports the particularfeature when operating on one or more frequency bands, but not whenoperating on one or more other frequency bands. In addition, the UE canindicate that it supports certain features but not necessarily thecombination thereof.

Furthermore, the UE can advertise supported band combinations. These canbe advertised, e.g., in a BandCombinationList information element (IE)that identifies one or more band combinations. Each advertised bandcombination indicates the one or more bands that the UE is capable tocombine in operation, e.g., by carrier aggregation (CA) of one or moreRF carriers in each band. In addition, the UE can indicate whether itsupports the particular feature(s) on each band combination that the UEis capable of aggregating. As LTE releases go higher and more featuresare added, the UE Capability Information message has become one of thelongest and most complicated RRC messages.

While LTE was primarily designed for user-to-user communications, 5G(also referred to as “NR”) cellular networks are envisioned to supportboth high single-user data rates (e.g., 1 Gb/s) and large-scale,machine-to-machine communication involving short, bursty transmissionsfrom many different devices that share the frequency bandwidth. The 5Gradio standards (also referred to as “New Radio” or “NR”) are currentlytargeting a wide range of data services including eMBB (enhanced MobileBroad Band) and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication). Theseservices can have different requirements and objectives. For example,URLLC is intended to provide a data service with extremely strict errorand latency requirements, e.g., error probabilities as low as 10⁻⁵ orlower and 1 ms end-to-end latency or lower. For eMBB, the requirementson latency and error probability can be less stringent whereas therequired supported peak rate and/or spectral efficiency can be higher.

In NR, the UE advertises its capabilities similarly as in LTE. Forexample, the UE can indicate not only whether it supports a particularfeature, but also whether it supports such a feature when operating onparticular frequency band(s). In other words, the UE can indicate thatit supports the particular feature when operating on one or morefrequency bands, but not when operating on one or more other frequencybands. Also like in LTE, the UE can indicate that it supports certainfeatures but not necessarily the combination thereof. As a furthersimilarity to LTE, the UE can advertise supported band combinationsusing, e.g., the BandCombinationList IE. In addition, as part of thisIE, the UE can indicate whether it supports the particular feature(s) oneach band combination that the UE is capable of aggregating.

Unlike LTE, however, the NR UE Capability Information signalling forindicating such fine-grained feature support was not directly embeddedinto the BandCombinationList IE. Rather, the NR UE capability signalingis split into band combinations and feature set combinations, which areband-independent such that they can be associated with any particularband combination. This arrangement has the potential to reduce theoverall signaling overhead if several band combinations (of which therecan be many) point to the same feature set combinations, if severalfeature set combinations point to the same feature sets, and/or ifseveral feature sets point to the same per-CC feature set. Nevertheless,compared to the conventional approach used in LTE, this arrangement canresult in difficulties if features are extended in future NR releases,as has often been the case with LTE.

SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein address these problems, issues,and/or drawbacks of existing solutions by providing a flexible andefficient approach for advertising extensible UE capabilities in a radioaccess network (RAN). Such embodiments can reduce and/or minimize theoverhead required to advertise extensions to initial and/or originalfeature sets, while providing backward compatibility with legacy networknodes that do not recognize and/or support such extensions.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure include methods and/orprocedures for advertising user equipment (UE) capabilities to a networknode in a radio access network (RAN). The exemplary method and/orprocedure can be performed by a UE or wireless device.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can include transmitting, to thenetwork node, information describing a plurality of feature setssupported by the UE. The information can include one or moreInitialFeatureLists, with each InitialFeatureList comprising one or morenon-extensible InitialFeatureSet elements, and each non-extensibleInitialFeatureSet element indicating the UE's support for one or moreinitial features. The information can also include one or moreExtensionFeatureLists, with each ExtensionFeatureList being associatedwith a particular InitialFeatureList. Each ExtensionFeatureList caninclude one or more ExtensionFeatureSet elements, with eachExtensionFeatureSet element indicating the UE's support for one or moreextension features.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include transmitting, tothe network node, one or more BandCombination elements. EachBandCombination element can include a list of frequency bands in whichthe UE can concurrently transmit and/or receive information. EachBandCombination element can also include a FeatureSetCombination elementthat identifies features supported by the UE within each frequency bandincluded in the list. The identified features for a particular frequencyband can be based on a particular InitialFeatureSet element from eachInitialFeatureList, and on a corresponding ExtensionFeatureSet elementfrom the ExtensionFeatureList associated with each InitialFeatureList.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude receiving, from the network node, a configuration includingidentification of one or more frequency bands, wherein the identifiedfrequency bands are part of a list included in a particular transmittedBandCombination element. The configuration can also identify, for eachof the identified frequency bands, configuration of one or more featuresidentified by the particular BandCombination element. In this manner,the UE can receive a configuration that is based on the capabilitiesinformation provided to the network node.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude transmitting or receiving information with the network node inthe identified frequency bands according to the received configuration.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure also include methodsand/or procedures for determining capabilities of a user equipment (UE).Such exemplary method and/or procedure can be implemented in a networknode (e.g., base station, gNB, eNB, or component thereof) of a radioaccess network (RAN).

The exemplary method and/or procedure can include receiving, from theUE, information describing a plurality of feature sets supported by theUE. The information can include one or more InitialFeatureLists, witheach InitialFeatureList comprising one or more non-extensibleInitialFeatureSet elements, and each non-extensible InitialFeatureSetelement indicating the UE's support for one or more initial features.The information can also include one or more ExtensionFeatureLists, witheach ExtensionFeatureList being associated with a particularInitialFeatureList. Each ExtensionFeatureList can include one or moreExtensionFeatureSet elements, with each ExtensionFeatureSet elementindicating the UE's support for one or more extension features.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include receiving, fromthe UE, one or more BandCombination elements. Each BandCombinationelement can include a list of frequency bands in which the UE canconcurrently transmit and/or receive information. Each BandCombinationelement can also include a FeatureSetCombination element that identifiesfeatures supported by the UE within each frequency band included in thelist. The identified features for a particular frequency band can bebased on a particular InitialFeatureSet element from eachInitialFeatureList, and on a corresponding ExtensionFeatureSet elementfrom the ExtensionFeatureList associated with each InitialFeatureList.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include determining theUE's capabilities based on the received one or more BandCombinationelements and the received information describing the plurality offeature sets supported by the UE.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude transmitting, to the UE, a configuration includingidentification of one or more frequency bands, wherein the identifiedfrequency bands are part of a list included in a particular transmittedBandCombination element. The configuration can also identify, for eachof the identified frequency bands, configuration of one or more featuresidentified by the particular BandCombination element. In this manner,the network node can provide the UE with a configuration that is basedon the capabilities information provided to the network node.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude transmitting or receiving information with the UE in theplurality of frequency bands according to the transmitted configuration.

Other exemplary embodiments include user equipment (UEs, wirelessdevice, etc. or components thereof) and network nodes (e.g., basestations, gNBs, eNBs, etc. or components thereof) configured to performoperations corresponding to the exemplary methods and/or proceduresdescribed herein. Other exemplary embodiments include non-transitory,computer-readable media storing program instructions that, when executedby at least one processor of a UE or network node, configure such UEs ornetwork nodes to perform operations corresponding to exemplary methodsand/or procedures described herein.

These and other objects, features, and advantages of the presentdisclosure will become apparent upon reading the following DetailedDescription in view of the drawings briefly described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a BandCombinationListinformation element (IE) usable for UE capability signaling in NRnetworks.

FIG. 2 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a FeatureSets IEusable for UE capability signaling in NR networks.

FIG. 3 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify aFeatureSetCombination IE usable for UE capability signaling in NRnetworks.

FIG. 4 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a FeatureSets IEusable for extensible UE capability signaling in NR networks, accordingto exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a FeatureSetDownlinkIE usable for extensible UE capability signaling in NR networks,according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify aFeatureSetUplinkPerCC IE usable for extensible UE capability signalingin NR networks, according to exemplary embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a UE-MRDC-CapabilityIE usable for extensible UE capability signaling in NR networks,according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 8A-B show exemplary ASN.1 code used to specifyFeatureSetDownlinkId and FeatureSetUplinkId IEs, respectively, usablefor extensible UE capability signaling in NR networks, according toexemplary embodiments of the present disclosure

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary methods and/orprocedures performed by a user equipment (UE), wireless device, orcomponent thereof, according to various exemplary embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating exemplary methods and/orprocedures performed by a network node (e.g., base station, gNB, eNB,etc.) or component thereof, according to various exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a wireless network, inaccordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a UE, in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary virtualizationenvironment usable for implementation of various embodiments of networknodes described herein.

FIGS. 14-15 are block diagrams of various exemplary communicationsystems and/or networks, in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIGS. 16-19 are flow diagrams illustrating various exemplary methodsand/or procedures implemented in a communication system, according tovarious exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described morefully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments,however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosedherein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limitedto only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments areprovided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter tothose skilled in the art. Furthermore, the following terms are usedthroughout the description given below:

-   -   Radio Node: As used herein, a “radio node” can be either a        “radio access node” or a “wireless device.”    -   Radio Access Node: As used herein, a “radio access node” (or        “radio network node”) can be any node in a radio access network        (RAN) of a cellular communications network that operates to        wirelessly transmit and/or receive signals. Some examples of a        radio access node include, but are not limited to, a base        station (e.g., a New Radio (NR) base station (gNB) in a 3GPP        Fifth Generation (5G) NR network or an enhanced or evolved Node        B (eNB) in a 3GPP LTE network), a high-power or macro base        station, a low-power base station (e.g., a micro base station, a        pico base station, a home eNB, or the like), and a relay node.    -   Core Network Node: As used herein, a “core network node” is any        type of node in a core network. Some examples of a core network        node include, e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Packet        Data Network Gateway (P-GW), a Service Capability Exposure        Function (SCEF), or the like.    -   Wireless Device: As used herein, a “wireless device” (or “WD”        for short) is any type of device that has access to (i.e., is        served by) a cellular communications network by communicate        wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices.        Unless otherwise noted, the term “wireless device” is used        interchangeably herein with “user equipment” (or “UE” for        short). Some examples of a wireless device include, but are not        limited to, a UE in a 3GPP network and a Machine Type        Communication (MTC) device. Communicating wirelessly can involve        transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using        electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other        types of signals suitable for conveying information through air.    -   Network Node: As used herein, a “network node” is any node that        is either part of the radio access network or the core network        of a cellular communications network. Functionally, a network        node is equipment capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable        to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device        and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the cellular        communications network, to enable and/or provide wireless access        to the wireless device, and/or to perform other functions (e.g.,        administration) in the cellular communications network.

Note that the description given herein focuses on a 3GPP cellularcommunications system and, as such, 3GPP terminology or terminologysimilar to 3GPP terminology is generally used. However, the conceptsdisclosed herein are not limited to a 3GPP system. Other wirelesssystems, including without limitation Wide Band Code Division MultipleAccess (WCDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax),Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM), may also benefit from the concepts, principles, and/orembodiments described herein.

In addition, functions and/or operations described herein as beingperformed by a wireless device or a network node may be distributed overa plurality of wireless devices and/or network nodes. Furthermore,although the term “cell” is used herein, it should be understood that(particularly with respect to 5G NR) beams may be used instead of cellsand, as such, concepts described herein apply equally to both cells andbeams.

As briefly mentioned above, the NR UE Capability Information signallingfor indicating fine-grained feature support was not directly embeddedinto the BandCombinationList IE, as it is in LTE. Rather, the NR UEcapability signaling is split into band combinations and feature setcombinations, which are band-independent such that they can beassociated with any particular band combination. This arrangement hasthe potential to reduce the overall signaling overhead if several bandcombinations (of which there can be many) point to the same feature setcombinations, if several feature set combinations point to the samefeature sets, and/or if several feature sets point to the same per-CCfeature set. Nevertheless, as compared to the conventional approach usedin LTE, this arrangement can result in difficulties if features are tobe extended in future NR releases, as has often been the case with LTE.These are discussed in more detail below.

FIG. 1 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a BandCombinationListIE usable in NR networks. As illustrated in FIG. 1 , theBandCombinationList IE includes a sequence of BandCombination elements,each representing a particular band combination that the UE is capableto support for NR or LTE carrier aggregation (CA), and/or LTE/NRdual-connectivity (e.g., EN-DC). Each BandCombination element furtherindicates the list of bands comprising the particular combination, andBandCombinationParameters associated with the particular combination. Inaddition to NR-related parameters, BandCombinationParameters can alsoinclude parameters related to LTE support and DC support for thatparticular band combination.

Instead of specifying the particular features associated with each bandcombination directly in the BandCombinationList IE, an NR UE advertisessuch features by sending a FeatureSets IE. The FeatureSets IE is used toprovide pools of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) features sets, as well asa pool of FeatureSetCombination elements. FIG. 2 shows exemplary ASN.1code used to specify a FeatureSets IE usable in NR networks. As shown inFIG. 2 , the FeatureSets IE includes featureSetDownlink andfeatureSetUplink elements that specify, respectively, a sequence of setsof DL and UL features supported by the UE in a band. For example,featureSetsDownlink is a sequence (e.g., one or more) ofFeatureSetDownlink, which is a set of DL features. Note, however, thatthe FeatureSets IE does not associate the indicated sets of DL and ULfeatures with a particular band. The mechanism for associating thesefeature sets to a particular band is explained further below.

As also shown in FIG. 2 , FeatureSets IE also includesfeatureSetDownlinkPerCC and featureSetUplinkPerCC elements that specify,respectively, a sequence of sets of DL and UL features supported by theUE for a component carrier (CC) in a band. Note, however, that theFeatureSets IE does not associate the indicated sets of DL and UL per-CCfeatures with a particular band. The mechanism for associating thesefeature sets to a particular band is explained further below.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the FeatureSets IE also includes afeatureSetCombinations element. This element specifies a sequence ofFeatureSetCombination IEs, each of which can be associated with aparticular band combination. FIG. 3 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used tospecify a FeatureSetCombination IE usable in NR networks. In otherwords, FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of each FeatureSetCombinationidentified by the featureSetCombinations element shown in FIG. 2 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the FeatureSetCombination IE includes a list and/orsequence of FeatureSetsPerBand, each of which identifies a sequence ofsets of features that can be associated with a carriers of a particularband of a band combination. Each set in the sequence can be consideredan alternative or option, such that the UE can indicate multiplesupported feature-set options. Each of these sets of features isspecified by a FeatureSet IE, also shown in FIG. 3 . In other words,FeatureSetCombination can be considered a two-dimensional matrix ofFeatureSet entries, with a column per band combination and a row persupported combination of features. All FeatureSetsPerBand in oneFeatureSetCombination should have the same number of entries. The numberof FeatureSetsPerBand in the FeatureSetCombination should be equal tothe number of band entries in an associated band combination. The firstFeatureSetPerBand applies to the first band entry of the bandcombination, and so on.

Each FeatureSet element includes a pair of pointers to particular DL andUL features sets specified elsewhere. In the case of NR carriers, forexample, downlinkSetNR is an identification of (e.g., a pointer to) anentry in the sequence featureSetsDownlink shown in FIG. 2 . Likewise,upinkSetNR is an identification of an entry in the sequencefeatureSetsUplink shown in FIG. 2 . Similarly, for LTE/E-UTRA carriers,downlinkSetEUTRA and uplinkSetEUTRA identify respective entries infeature set lists defined for LTE (e.g., in 3GPP TS 36.331 v.15.1.0).

Returning to FIG. 1 , each BandCombination entry in theBandCombinationList IE also includes a pointer (i.e.,FeatureCombinationSetID) to a particular FeatureSetCombination that isincluded in the featureSetCombinations element of the FeatureSets IEshown in FIG. 2 . In this manner, the NR UE capability signaling issplit into band combinations and feature set combinations, which areband-independent such that they can be associated with any particularband combination.

If new UE-related features are standardized in the future, as expected,it will become necessary to add the corresponding capability signallingto the various elements used by the UE to advertise support for thesefeatures. This includes FeatureSetDownlink, FeatureSetUplink,FeatureSetDownlinkPerCC, and FeatureSetUplinkPerCC feature setdefinitions (also referred to as “data structures”) that comprise theFeatureSets IE shown in FIG. 2 . However, these data structures areinstantiated and sent in lists, each with a particular order and lengththat is understood by legacy gNBs.

One option is to add a so-called “extension marker” to the feature setdefinitions. These extension markers can be 24 bits (e.g., three octetsor bytes) in length, which is needed to indicate to the receivingnetwork node (e.g., gNB) the length of the remainder of the datastructure, which can be quite long. In effect, this length enables“legacy” network nodes that do not understand the new capability bits to“jump” over those bits and continue parsing the next feature set in thelist. However, such overhead is not feasible in a list with severalhundred or even a thousand entries, each of which could be extended withnew capabilities.

Instead of extending the actual feature sets, as discussed above,exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure address theseextensibility challenges by creating new lists of extended feature setsand associating each of those new lists (or extension lists) with arespective original list. In other words, each of the elements in thatextension list is associated with an element in the original list, suchthat an element in both lists can be identified by the same ID, whichcan be specified in the FeatureSetCombination IE. Accordingly, thestructure of the FeatureSetCombination IE is not changed when extendingfeatures in this manner. Likewise, each BandCombination in aBandCombinationList IE can indicate support of one or moreFeatureSetCombinations by their respective IDs (e.g., respectivepositions in featureSetCombinations element of FeatureSets IE). Sincethere is no need to change IDs of the FeatureSetCombinations when addingfeature extensions, there is consequently no need to change thestructure of the BandCombination element used in the BandCombinationListIE.

For example, a FeatureSetDownlink-r16 extension list identifying newfeatures (e.g., from Release 16) could be associated with an originalFeatureSetDownlink list of features. When a UE advertises (e.g., by apointer or identifier in a FeatureSetCombination IE) a particularfeature set associated with an extension, it indicates that the UEsupports both the original list and the extension list for that featureset. For example, if a UE indicates in FeatureSetCombination that itsupports the features in FeatureSetDownlink with ID=5 (e.g., the fifthposition in the list indicated by featureSetsDownlink), it implies thatit also supports the features in FeatureSetDownlink-r16 associated withID=5 (e.g., the fifth position in a corresponding extension list).

In such exemplary embodiments, the network's interpretation of thefeature set advertisement in the FeatureSetCombination IE depends onwhether the network supports an extension list associated with aparticular original feature set. For example, if a UE indicates inFeatureSetCombination that it supports the FeatureSetDownlink with ID=5,the network node interprets that the UE also supports extensions inFeatureSetDownlink-r16 associated with ID=5, so long as the network nodesupports the release associated with these extensions. On the otherhand, if the network node is a legacy node that does not support therelease associated with these extensions, the network node interpretsfrom FeatureSetCombination that the UE only supports the originalfeatures indicated by the particular FeatureSetDownlink. This can befacilitated by adding an “extension marker” in the manner describedabove. In other words, the network node ignores theFeatureSetDownlink-r16 that it does not comprehend.

Similar approaches can be used with respect to per-CC features. Forexample, assume that the UE supports per-CC uplink extensions specifiedin Release 15.4.0. If the UE indicates in the featureSetListPerUplinkCCof a FeatureSetUplink that it supports the features inFeatureSetUplinkPerCC with ID=7 (e.g., the seventh position in the listindicated by featureSetsUplinkPerCC), it implies that it also supportsthe features in FeatureSetUplinkPerCC-v1540 associated with ID=7 (e.g.,the seventh position in a corresponding extension list).

Unlike conventional approaches, exemplary embodiments of the presentdisclosure require only a single ASN.1 “extension marker” per list(e.g., to add the new lists) rather than one per each feature setelement comprising the lists. In this manner, exemplary embodiments areadvantageously backward-compatible with legacy network nodes that do notsupport such extensions. As such, these legacy nodes can ignore theextensions of the feature sets based on the “extension marker”. Furtheradvantages of the exemplary embodiments include no changes required tothe high-level FeatureSetCombination and BandCombinationList IEs usedfor advertisement, since those IEs still refer to the same IDs offeature sets and feature sets per CC.

FIG. 4 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a FeatureSets IEusable for extensible UE capability signaling in NR networks, accordingto exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition to theelements specified by the conventional ASN.1 code shown in FIG. 2 , theFeatureSets IE shown in FIG. 4 also includes two additional elements.The first—features UplinkPerCC-v1540—comprises an extension list ofper-CC uplink feature sets. Each entry in this list is associated with acorresponding entry in the original list, featuresUplinkPerCC. In otherwords, each extension FeatureSetUplinkPerCC-v1540 is associated with acorresponding original FeatureSetUplinkPerCC.

This is further illustrated in FIG. 6 , which shows exemplary ASN.1 codeused to specify a FeatureSetUplinkPerCC IE usable for extensible UEcapability signaling in NR networks, according to exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6 , a FeatureSetUplinkPerCCIE includes parameters used to indicate support (or non-support) ofvarious features that can be associated with an individual UL CC.Similarly, FIG. 6 also shows an associated FeatureSetUplinkPerCC-v1540IE that includes additional parameters used to indicate support (ornon-support) of various extension features (labeled “new . . .Feature1”, etc.).

The second additional element in FIG. 4 —featuresDownlink-v16—comprisesan extension list of features that can be associated with an individualdownlink band. Each entry in this list is associated with acorresponding entry in the original list, featuresDownlink. In otherwords, each extension FeatureSetDownlink-v16 is associated with acorresponding original FeatureSetDownlink.

This is further illustrated in FIG. 5 , which shows exemplary ASN.1 codeused to specify a FeatureSetDownlink IE usable for extensible UEcapability signaling in NR networks, according to exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5 , a FeatureSetDownlink IEincludes parameters used to indicate support (or non-support) of variousDL features that can be associated with an individual band. Similarly,FIG. 5 also shows an associated FeatureSetDownlink-v16 IE that includesadditional parameters used to indicate support (or non-support) ofvarious extension features (labeled “new . . . Feature1”, etc.).

In addition, the FeatureSetDownlink IE shown in FIG. 5 includes afeatureSetListPerDownlinkCC that identifies per-CC (or per-cell)supported features specified in FeatureSetDownlinkPerCC. In particular,featureSetListPerDownlinkCC is a sequence ofFeatureSetDownlinkPerCC-Id's, each of which points to a particularFeatureSetDownlinkPerCC and to a correspondingFeatureSetUplinkPerCC-v1540 supported by each of the CCs or cells. Forexample, an ID value of seven points to the seventh feature set in bothlists. This is substantially identical to the technique for indicatingsupport for per-CC uplink features, discussed above.

FIG. 7 shows exemplary ASN.1 code used to specify a UE-MRDC-CapabilityIE usable for extensible UE capability signaling in NR networks,according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Inparticular, the exemplary UE-MRDC-Capability includes afeatureSetCombinations IE, which is a sequence or list ofFeatureSetCombination elements. As shown in FIG. 3 , eachFeatureSetCombination element includes an array of FeatureSet elements,each of which includes the pointers FeatureSetDownlinkId andFeatureSetUplinkId. FIGS. 8A-B show exemplary ASN.1 code used to specifyFeatureSetDownlinkId and FeatureSetUplinkId IEs, respectively. Asdiscussed above, FeatureSetDownlinkId points to both initial andextension downlink features defined in FeatureSets (e.g., in FIG. 4 ),while FeatureSetUplinkId points to both initial and extension uplinkfeatures defined in FeatureSets.

The various exemplary embodiments illustrated by the ASN.1 code in FIGS.4-8 can be used together with the conventional BandCombinationList andFeatureSetCombination IEs illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 , respectively.As such, feature extensions can be signaled in a way that isunderstandable by network nodes supporting such extensions, but at thesame time remains backward-compatible with legacy network nodes that donot recognize such feature extensions.

Put a different way, the meaning of a particular FeatureSetCombinationidentified in a FeatureSets IE changes when the UE advertises elements(e.g., new features) from the extension list. Although the same ID isused to identify this particular FeatureSetCombination in aBandCombination element of the BandCombinatList IE, the meaning of theBandCombination element also changes as a consequence. Even so, thestructures of the original feature lists do not need to change. Hence,exemplary embodiments are comprehensible by a legacy network node whichdoes not understand the feature extensions.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method and/orprocedure for advertising user equipment capabilities to a network nodein a radio access network (RAN), according to various exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary method and/orprocedure can be implemented in a user equipment (UE, wireless device,etc. or component thereof) shown in, or described in relation to, otherfigures herein. Furthermore, the exemplary method and/or procedure shownin FIG. 9 can be utilized cooperatively with other exemplary methodsand/or procedures described herein (e.g., FIG. 10 ) to provide variousexemplary benefits described herein. Although FIG. 9 shows blocks in aparticular order, this order is merely exemplary, and the operations ofthe exemplary method and/or procedure can be performed in a differentorder than shown and can be combined and/or divided into blocks havingdifferent functionality than shown. Optional operations are indicated bydashed lines.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can include the operations ofblock 910, where the UE can transmit, to the network node, informationdescribing a plurality of feature sets supported by the UE. Theinformation can include one or more InitialFeatureLists, with eachInitialFeatureList comprising one or more non-extensibleInitialFeatureSet elements, and each non-extensible InitialFeatureSetelement indicating the UE's support for one or more initial features.The information can also include one or more ExtensionFeatureLists, witheach ExtensionFeatureList being associated with a particularInitialFeatureList. Each ExtensionFeatureList can include one or moreExtensionFeatureSet elements, with each ExtensionFeatureSet elementindicating the UE's support for one or more extension features. In someembodiments, the one or more InitialFeatureLists can include a firstInitialFeatureList associated with downlink operation and a secondInitialFeatureList associated with uplink operation.

In some embodiments, an ExtensionFeatureSet at a particular position inan ExtensionFeatureList can correspond to an InitialFeatureSet at thesame particular position in an InitialFeatureList. In some embodiments,each InitialFeatureSet element and the associated ExtensionFeatureSetelement can identify features supported by the UE with respect to anentire frequency band. In such embodiments, each InitialFeatureSetelement can also identify features supported by the UE with respect toindividual component carriers within the particular frequency band.

In some embodiments, the information describing the plurality offeatures can be a FeatureSets IE comprising various elements, such asdescribed above in relation to other figures. In such embodiments, theInitialFeatureLists of InitialFeatureSet elements can include thefeatureSetsDownlink list of FeatureSetDownlink elements and thefeatureSetsUplink list of FeatureSetUplink elements, among others.Similarly, in such embodiments, the ExtensionFeatureLists ofExtensionFeatureSet elements can include the featureSetsDownlink-r16list of FeatureSetDownlink-r16 elements and a correspondingfeatureSetsUplink-r16 list of FeatureSetUplink-r16 elements, amongothers.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations ofblock 920, where the UE can transmit, to the network node, one or moreBandCombination elements. Each BandCombination element can include alist of frequency bands in which the UE can concurrently transmit and/orreceive information. Each BandCombination element can also include aFeatureSetCombination element that identifies features supported by theUE within each frequency band included in the list. The featuressupported by the UE within a particular frequency band can be based on aparticular InitialFeatureSet element from each InitialFeatureList, andon a corresponding ExtensionFeatureSet element from theExtensionFeatureList associated with each InitialFeatureList.

In some embodiments, the FeatureSetCombination element can include oneor more FeatureSetIdentifiers for each particular frequency bandincluded in the list of frequency bands. Furthermore, eachFeatureSetIdentifier can be related to a particular InitialFeatureListand to an associated ExtensionFeatureList for that particular frequencyband. In addition, each FeatureSetIdentifier can identify the particularInitialFeatureSet element from the related InitialFeatureList, and thecorresponding ExtensionFeatureSet element from the relatedExtensionFeatureList. In some embodiments, the one or moreFeatureSetIdentifiers, for each particular frequency band, can include afirst FeatureSetIdentifier associated with downlink operation and asecond FeatureSetIdentifier associated with uplink operation

For example, the one or more BandCombination elements can be transmittedas a BandCombinationList IE, such as described above in relation to FIG.1 . In such case, the BandCombination element of this IE can include aFeatureSetCombinationID element, such as described above in relation toFIG. 1 . Furthermore, this can point to a particularFeatureSetCombination in a list of featureSetCombinations, such asdescribed above in relation to FIG. 7 . The identifiedFeatureSetCombination can include various FeatureSet elements (e.g., asshown in FIG. 3 ), each of which can include FeatureSetDownlinkId andFeatureSetUplinkId elements, each of which identify both initial andextension feature sets (e.g., within the lists shown in FIG. 2 ).

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude the operations of block 930, where the UE can receive, from thenetwork node, a configuration including identification of one or morefrequency bands, with the identified frequency bands being part of alist included in a particular transmitted BandCombination element (e.g.,transmitted in block 920). The configuration can also include, for eachof the identified frequency bands, configuration of one or more featuresidentified by the particular transmitted BandCombination element. Insome embodiments, the received configuration identifies a plurality offrequency bands for dual connectivity (DC) or carrier aggregation (CA)operation. In this manner, the UE can receive a DC or CA configurationthat is based on the information provided to the network node in blocks910-920.

In some embodiments, the received configuration can include onlyfeatures indicated by the InitialFeatureSet elements associated with therespective identified frequency bands. In other embodiments, thereceived configuration can include features indicated by both theInitialFeatureSet elements and the corresponding ExtensionFeatureSetelements associated with the respective identified frequency bands.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude the operations of block 940, where the UE can transmit orreceive information with the network node in the identified frequencybands according to the received configuration (e.g., in block 930).

FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method and/orprocedure for determining capabilities of a user equipment (UE),according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.For example, the exemplary method and/or procedure can be implemented ina network node (e.g., base station, gNB, eNB, etc. or component thereof)of a radio access network (RAN) such as shown in, or described inrelation to, other figures herein. Furthermore, the exemplary methodand/or procedure shown in FIG. 10 can be utilized cooperatively withother exemplary method and/or procedures described herein (e.g., FIG. 9) to provide various exemplary benefits described herein. Although FIG.10 shows blocks in a particular order, this order is merely exemplary,and the operations of the exemplary method and/or procedure can beperformed in a different order than shown and can be combined and/ordivided into blocks having different functionality than shown. Optionaloperations are represented by dashed lines.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can include the operations ofblock 1010, where the network node can receive, from the UE, informationdescribing a plurality of feature sets supported by the UE. Theinformation can include one or more InitialFeatureLists, with eachInitialFeatureList comprising one or more non-extensibleInitialFeatureSet elements, and each non-extensible InitialFeatureSetelement indicating the UE's support for one or more initial features.The information can also include one or more ExtensionFeatureLists, witheach ExtensionFeatureList being associated with a particularInitialFeatureList. Each ExtensionFeatureList can include one or moreExtensionFeatureSet elements, with each ExtensionFeatureSet elementindicating the UE's support for one or more extension features. In someembodiments, the one or more InitialFeatureLists can include a firstInitialFeatureList associated with downlink operation and a secondInitialFeatureList associated with uplink operation.

In some embodiments, an ExtensionFeatureSet at a particular position inan ExtensionFeatureList can correspond to an InitialFeatureSet at thesame particular position in an InitialFeatureList. In some embodiments,each InitialFeatureSet element and the associated ExtensionFeatureSetelement can identify features supported by the UE with respect to anentire frequency band. In such embodiments, each InitialFeatureSetelement can also identify features supported by the UE with respect toindividual component carriers within the particular frequency band.

In some embodiments, the information describing the plurality offeatures can be a FeatureSets IE comprising various elements, such asdescribed above in relation to other figures. In such embodiments, theInitialFeatureLists of InitialFeatureSet elements can include thefeatureSetsDownlink list of FeatureSetDownlink elements and thefeatureSetsUplink list of FeatureSetUplink elements, among others.Similarly, in such embodiments, the ExtensionFeatureLists ofExtensionFeatureSet elements can include the featureSetsDownlink-r16list of FeatureSetDownlink-r16 elements and a correspondingfeatureSetsUplink-r16 list of FeatureSetUplink-r16 elements, amongothers.

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations ofblock 1020, where the network node can receive, from the UE, one or moreBandCombination elements. Each BandCombination element can identify alist of frequency bands in which the UE can concurrently transmit and/orreceive information. Each BandCombination element can also include aFeatureSetCombination element that identifies features supported by theUE within each frequency band included in the list. The featuressupported by the UE within a particular frequency band can be based on aparticular InitialFeatureSet element from each InitialFeatureList, andon a corresponding ExtensionFeatureSet element from theExtensionFeatureList associated with each InitialFeatureList.

In some embodiments, the FeatureSetCombination element can include oneor more FeatureSetIdentifiers for each particular frequency bandincluded in the list of frequency bands. Furthermore, eachFeatureSetIdentifier can be related to a particular InitialFeatureListand to an associated ExtensionFeatureList for that particular frequencyband. In addition, each FeatureSetIdentifier can identify the particularInitialFeatureSet element from the related InitialFeatureList, and thecorresponding ExtensionFeatureSet element from the relatedExtensionFeatureList. In some embodiments, the one or moreFeatureSetIdentifiers, for each particular frequency band, can include afirst FeatureSetIdentifier associated with downlink operation and asecond FeatureSetIdentifier associated with uplink operation

For example, the one or more BandCombination elements can be received asa BandCombinationList IE, such as described above in relation to FIG. 1. In such case, the BandCombination element of this IE can include aFeatureSetCombinationID element, such as described above in relation toFIG. 1 . Furthermore, this can point to a particularFeatureSetCombination in a list of featureSetCombinations, such asdescribed above in relation to FIG. 7 . The identifiedFeatureSetCombination can include various FeatureSet elements (e.g., asshown in FIG. 3 ), each of which can include FeatureSetDownlinkId andFeatureSetUplinkId elements, each of which identify both initial andextension feature sets (e.g., within the lists shown in FIG. 2 ).

The exemplary method and/or procedure can also include the operations ofblock 1030, where the network node can determine the UE's capabilitiesbased on the received one or more BandCombination elements and thereceived information describing the plurality of feature sets supportedby the UE. For example, the network node can determine the UE'scapabilities by parsing a BandCombinationList IE and a FeatureSets IEreceived from the UE.

In some embodiments, the operations of block 1030 can include theoperations of sub-blocks 1032, where the network node can, for eachparticular BandCombination element received, determine whether thenetwork node supports the respective ExtensionFeatureSet elementsidentified by the particular BandCombination element. Such embodimentscan also include the operations of sub-block 1034, wherein for eachparticular ExtensionFeatureSet element that the network node does notsupport, the network node can determine the UE's capabilities based onfeatures described by the associated InitialFeatureSet element but noton features described by the particular ExtensionFeatureSet element. Forexample, if the network node is a legacy node that does not support therelease corresponding to the extensions associated with theExtensionFeatureSet, it can “skip” the ExtensionFeatureSet element whenit encounters an “extension marker” while parsing the receivedinformation.

Such embodiments can also include the operations of sub-block 1036,wherein for each particular ExtensionFeatureSet element that the networknode does support, the network node can determine the UE's capabilitiesbased on features described by the associated InitialFeatureSet elementand by the particular ExtensionFeatureSet element.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude the operations of block 1040, where the network node cantransmit, to the UE, a configuration including identification of one ormore frequency bands, with the identified frequency bands being part ofa list included in a particular received BandCombination element (e.g.,received in block 1020). The configuration can also include, for each ofthe identified frequency bands, configuration of one or more featuresidentified by the particular received BandCombination element. In someembodiments, the transmitted configuration identifies a plurality offrequency bands for dual connectivity (DC) or carrier aggregation (CA)operation. In this manner, the network node can provide the UE a DC orCA configuration that is based on the information received from the UEin blocks 1010-1020.

In some embodiments, the transmitted configuration can include onlyfeatures indicated by the InitialFeatureSet elements associated with therespective identified frequency bands. In other embodiments, thetransmitted configuration can include features indicated by both theInitialFeatureSet elements and the corresponding ExtensionFeatureSetelements associated with the respective identified frequency bands.

In some embodiments, the exemplary method and/or procedure can alsoinclude the operations of block 1050, where the network node cantransmit or receive information with the UE in the plurality offrequency bands according to the transmitted configuration (e.g., inblock 1040).

Although the subject matter described herein can be implemented in anyappropriate type of system using any suitable components, theembodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wirelessnetwork, such as the example wireless network illustrated in FIG. 11 .For simplicity, the wireless network of FIG. 11 only depicts network1106, network nodes 1160 and 1160 b, and WDs 1110, 1110 b, and 1110 c.In practice, a wireless network can further include any additionalelements suitable to support communication between wireless devices orbetween a wireless device and another communication device, such as alandline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or enddevice. Of the illustrated components, network node 1160 and wirelessdevice (WD) 1110 are depicted with additional detail. The wirelessnetwork can provide communication and other types of services to one ormore wireless devices to facilitate the wireless devices' access toand/or use of the services provided by, or via, the wireless network.

The wireless network can comprise and/or interface with any type ofcommunication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio networkor other similar type of system. In some embodiments, the wirelessnetwork can be configured to operate according to specific standards orother types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particularembodiments of the wireless network can implement communicationstandards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution(LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless localarea network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/orany other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as theWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth,Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.

Network 1106 can comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks,IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet datanetworks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local areanetworks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks,wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks toenable communication between devices.

Network node 1160 and WD 1110 comprise various components described inmore detail below. These components work together in order to providenetwork node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providingwireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments,the wireless network can comprise any number of wired or wirelessnetworks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices,relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that canfacilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signalswhether via wired or wireless connections.

Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points(APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio basestations, NBs, eNBs, and gNBs). Base stations can be categorized basedon the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, theirtransmit power level) and can then also be referred to as femto basestations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro basestations. A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor nodecontrolling a relay. A network node can also include one or more (orall) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralizeddigital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to asRemote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not beintegrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of adistributed radio base station can also be referred to as nodes in adistributed antenna system (DAS).

Further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR)equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio networkcontrollers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiverstations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes,multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes(e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes(e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As another example, a network node can bea virtual network node as described in more detail below.

In FIG. 11 , network node 1160 includes processing circuitry 1170,device readable medium 1180, interface 1190, auxiliary equipment 1184,power source 1186, power circuitry 1187, and antenna 1162. Althoughnetwork node 1160 illustrated in the example wireless network of FIG. 11can represent a device that includes the illustrated combination ofhardware components, other embodiments can comprise network nodes withdifferent combinations of components. It is to be understood that anetwork node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and/orsoftware needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methodsand/or procedures disclosed herein. Moreover, while the components ofnetwork node 1160 are depicted as single boxes located within a largerbox, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a network node cancomprise multiple different physical components that make up a singleillustrated component (e.g., device readable medium 1180 can comprisemultiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules).

Similarly, network node 1160 can be composed of multiple physicallyseparate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or aBTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which can each have their ownrespective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 1160comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components),one or more of the separate components can be shared among severalnetwork nodes. For example, a single RNC can control multiple NodeB's.In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, can in someinstances be considered a single separate network node. In someembodiments, network node 1160 can be configured to support multipleradio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some componentscan be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 1180 for thedifferent RATs) and some components can be reused (e.g., the sameantenna 1162 can be shared by the RATs). Network node 1160 can alsoinclude multiple sets of the various illustrated components fordifferent wireless technologies integrated into network node 1160, suchas, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wirelesstechnologies. These wireless technologies can be integrated into thesame or different chip or set of chips and other components withinnetwork node 1160.

Processing circuitry 1170 can be configured to perform any determining,calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations)described herein as being provided by a network node. These operationsperformed by processing circuitry 1170 can include processinginformation obtained by processing circuitry 1170 by, for example,converting the obtained information into other information, comparingthe obtained information or converted information to information storedin the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based onthe obtained information or converted information, and as a result ofsaid processing making a determination.

Processing circuitry 1170 can comprise a combination of one or more of amicroprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit,digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, fieldprogrammable gate array, or any other suitable computing device,resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other networknode 1160 components, such as device readable medium 1180, network node1160 functionality. For example, processing circuitry 1170 can executeinstructions stored in device readable medium 1180 or in memory withinprocessing circuitry 1170. Such functionality can include providing anyof the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussedherein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1170 can include asystem on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1170 can include one or moreof radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1172 and basebandprocessing circuitry 1174. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF)transceiver circuitry 1172 and baseband processing circuitry 1174 can beon separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radiounits and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RFtransceiver circuitry 1172 and baseband processing circuitry 1174 can beon the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality describedherein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or othersuch network device can be performed by processing circuitry 1170executing instructions stored on device readable medium 1180 or memorywithin processing circuitry 1170. In alternative embodiments, some orall of the functionality can be provided by processing circuitry 1170without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete devicereadable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner In any of thoseembodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readablestorage medium or not, processing circuitry 1170 can be configured toperform the described functionality. The benefits provided by suchfunctionality are not limited to processing circuitry 1170 alone or toother components of network node 1160, but are enjoyed by network node1160 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.

Device readable medium 1180 can comprise any form of volatile ornon-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation,persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory,magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removablestorage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or aDigital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile,non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devicesthat store information, data, and/or instructions that can be used byprocessing circuitry 1170. Device readable medium 1180 can store anysuitable instructions, data or information, including a computerprogram, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules,code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executedby processing circuitry 1170 and, utilized by network node 1160. Devicereadable medium 1180 can be used to store any calculations made byprocessing circuitry 1170 and/or any data received via interface 1190.In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1170 and device readablemedium 1180 can be considered to be integrated.

Interface 1190 is used in the wired or wireless communication ofsignalling and/or data between network node 1160, network 1106, and/orWDs 1110. As illustrated, interface 1190 comprises port(s)/terminal(s)1194 to send and receive data, for example to and from network 1106 overa wired connection. Interface 1190 also includes radio front endcircuitry 1192 that can be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a partof, antenna 1162. Radio front end circuitry 1192 comprises filters 1198and amplifiers 1196. Radio front end circuitry 1192 can be connected toantenna 1162 and processing circuitry 1170. Radio front end circuitrycan be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1162and processing circuitry 1170. Radio front end circuitry 1192 canreceive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes orWDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 1192 canconvert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriatechannel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1198and/or amplifiers 1196. The radio signal can then be transmitted viaantenna 1162. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 1162 can collectradio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio frontend circuitry 1192. The digital data can be passed to processingcircuitry 1170. In other embodiments, the interface can comprisedifferent components and/or different combinations of components.

In certain alternative embodiments, network node 1160 may not includeseparate radio front end circuitry 1192, instead, processing circuitry1170 can comprise radio front end circuitry and can be connected toantenna 1162 without separate radio front end circuitry 1192. Similarly,in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 1172 can beconsidered a part of interface 1190. In still other embodiments,interface 1190 can include one or more ports or terminals 1194, radiofront end circuitry 1192, and RF transceiver circuitry 1172, as part ofa radio unit (not shown), and interface 1190 can communicate withbaseband processing circuitry 1174, which is part of a digital unit (notshown).

Antenna 1162 can include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays,configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 1162 can becoupled to radio front end circuitry 1190 and can be any type of antennacapable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. Insome embodiments, antenna 1162 can comprise one or moreomni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receiveradio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. Anomni-directional antenna can be used to transmit/receive radio signalsin any direction, a sector antenna can be used to transmit/receive radiosignals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna canbe a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in arelatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than oneantenna can be referred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna 1162can be separate from network node 1160 and can be connectable to networknode 1160 through an interface or port.

Antenna 1162, interface 1190, and/or processing circuitry 1170 can beconfigured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtainingoperations described herein as being performed by a network node. Anyinformation, data and/or signals can be received from a wireless device,another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly,antenna 1162, interface 1190, and/or processing circuitry 1170 can beconfigured to perform any transmitting operations described herein asbeing performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signalscan be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or anyother network equipment.

Power circuitry 1187 can comprise, or be coupled to, power managementcircuitry and can be configured to supply the components of network node1160 with power for performing the functionality described herein. Powercircuitry 1187 can receive power from power source 1186. Power source1186 and/or power circuitry 1187 can be configured to provide power tothe various components of network node 1160 in a form suitable for therespective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed foreach respective component). Power source 1186 can either be included in,or external to, power circuitry 1187 and/or network node 1160. Forexample, network node 1160 can be connectable to an external powersource (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interfacesuch as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source suppliespower to power circuitry 1187. As a further example, power source 1186can comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery packwhich is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 1187. Thebattery can provide backup power should the external power source fail.Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, can also beused.

Alternative embodiments of network node 1160 can include additionalcomponents beyond those shown in FIG. 11 that can be responsible forproviding certain aspects of the network node's functionality, includingany of the functionality described herein and/or any functionalitynecessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example,network node 1160 can include user interface equipment to allow and/orfacilitate input of information into network node 1160 and to allowand/or facilitate output of information from network node 1160. This canallow and/or facilitate a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance,repair, and other administrative functions for network node 1160.

In some embodiments, a wireless device (WD, e.g., WD 1110) can beconfigured to transmit and/or receive information without direct humaninteraction. For instance, a WD can be designed to transmit informationto a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internalor external event, or in response to requests from the network. Examplesof a WD include, but are not limited to, smart phones, mobile phones,cell phones, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones,desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras,gaming consoles or devices, music storage devices, playback appliances,wearable devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablets, laptops,laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smartdevices, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), mobile-typecommunication (MTC) devices, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices,vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, etc.

A WD can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example byimplementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication,vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I),vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and can in this case be referred to as a D2Dcommunication device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet ofThings (IoT) scenario, a WD can represent a machine or other device thatperforms monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results ofsuch monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node.The WD can in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which canin a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particularexample, the WD can be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internetof things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines ordevices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrialmachinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g., refrigerators,televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers,etc.). In other scenarios, a WD can represent a vehicle or otherequipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on itsoperational status or other functions associated with its operation. AWD as described above can represent the endpoint of a wirelessconnection, in which case the device can be referred to as a wirelessterminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above can be mobile, in whichcase it can also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.

As illustrated, wireless device 1110 includes antenna 1111, interface1114, processing circuitry 1120, device readable medium 1130, userinterface equipment 1132, auxiliary equipment 1134, power source 1136and power circuitry 1137. WD 1110 can include multiple sets of one ormore of the illustrated components for different wireless technologiessupported by WD 1110, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi,WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. Thesewireless technologies can be integrated into the same or different chipsor set of chips as other components within WD 1110.

Antenna 1111 can include one or more antennas or antenna arrays,configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected tointerface 1114. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 1111 can beseparate from WD 1110 and be connectable to WD 1110 through an interfaceor port. Antenna 1111, interface 1114, and/or processing circuitry 1120can be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operationsdescribed herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, dataand/or signals can be received from a network node and/or another WD. Insome embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 1111 can beconsidered an interface.

As illustrated, interface 1114 comprises radio front end circuitry 1112and antenna 1111. Radio front end circuitry 1112 comprise one or morefilters 1118 and amplifiers 1116. Radio front end circuitry 1114 isconnected to antenna 1111 and processing circuitry 1120, and can beconfigured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1111 andprocessing circuitry 1120. Radio front end circuitry 1112 can be coupledto or a part of antenna 1111. In some embodiments, WD 1110 may notinclude separate radio front end circuitry 1112; rather, processingcircuitry 1120 can comprise radio front end circuitry and can beconnected to antenna 1111. Similarly, in some embodiments, some or allof RF transceiver circuitry 1122 can be considered a part of interface1114. Radio front end circuitry 1112 can receive digital data that is tobe sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection.Radio front end circuitry 1112 can convert the digital data into a radiosignal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using acombination of filters 1118 and/or amplifiers 1116. The radio signal canthen be transmitted via antenna 1111. Similarly, when receiving data,antenna 1111 can collect radio signals which are then converted intodigital data by radio front end circuitry 1112. The digital data can bepassed to processing circuitry 1120. In other embodiments, the interfacecan comprise different components and/or different combinations ofcomponents.

Processing circuitry 1120 can comprise a combination of one or more of amicroprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit,digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, fieldprogrammable gate array, or any other suitable computing device,resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD 1110components, such as device readable medium 1130, WD 1110 functionality.Such functionality can include providing any of the various wirelessfeatures or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry1120 can execute instructions stored in device readable medium 1130 orin memory within processing circuitry 1120 to provide the functionalitydisclosed herein.

As illustrated, processing circuitry 1120 includes one or more of RFtransceiver circuitry 1122, baseband processing circuitry 1124, andapplication processing circuitry 1126. In other embodiments, theprocessing circuitry can comprise different components and/or differentcombinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry1120 of WD 1110 can comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceivercircuitry 1122, baseband processing circuitry 1124, and applicationprocessing circuitry 1126 can be on separate chips or sets of chips. Inalternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry1124 and application processing circuitry 1126 can be combined into onechip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 1122 can be on aseparate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part orall of RF transceiver circuitry 1122 and baseband processing circuitry1124 can be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processingcircuitry 1126 can be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet otheralternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1122,baseband processing circuitry 1124, and application processing circuitry1126 can be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In someembodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 1122 can be a part of interface1114. RF transceiver circuitry 1122 can condition RF signals forprocessing circuitry 1120.

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality describedherein as being performed by a WD can be provided by processingcircuitry 1120 executing instructions stored on device readable medium1130, which in certain embodiments can be a computer-readable storagemedium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality canbe provided by processing circuitry 1120 without executing instructionsstored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such asin a hard-wired manner In any of those particular embodiments, whetherexecuting instructions stored on a device readable storage medium ornot, processing circuitry 1120 can be configured to perform thedescribed functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality arenot limited to processing circuitry 1120 alone or to other components ofWD 1110, but are enjoyed by WD 1110 as a whole, and/or by end users andthe wireless network generally.

Processing circuitry 1120 can be configured to perform any determining,calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations)described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, asperformed by processing circuitry 1120, can include processinginformation obtained by processing circuitry 1120 by, for example,converting the obtained information into other information, comparingthe obtained information or converted information to information storedby WD 1110, and/or performing one or more operations based on theobtained information or converted information, and as a result of saidprocessing making a determination.

Device readable medium 1130 can be operable to store a computer program,software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code,tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed byprocessing circuitry 1120. Device readable medium 1130 can includecomputer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory(ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media(e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or anyother volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/orcomputer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/orinstructions that can be used by processing circuitry 1120. In someembodiments, processing circuitry 1120 and device readable medium 1130can be considered to be integrated.

User interface equipment 1132 can include components that allow and/orfacilitate a human user to interact with WD 1110. Such interaction canbe of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interfaceequipment 1132 can be operable to produce output to the user and toallow and/or facilitate the user to provide input to WD 1110. The typeof interaction can vary depending on the type of user interfaceequipment 1132 installed in WD 1110. For example, if WD 1110 is a smartphone, the interaction can be via a touch screen; if WD 1110 is a smartmeter, the interaction can be through a screen that provides usage(e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audiblealert (e.g., if smoke is detected). User interface equipment 1132 caninclude input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces,devices and circuits. User interface equipment 1132 can be configured toallow and/or facilitate input of information into WD 1110, and isconnected to processing circuitry 1120 to allow and/or facilitateprocessing circuitry 1120 to process the input information. Userinterface equipment 1132 can include, for example, a microphone, aproximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or morecameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment1132 is also configured to allow and/or facilitate output of informationfrom WD 1110, and to allow and/or facilitate processing circuitry 1120to output information from WD 1110. User interface equipment 1132 caninclude, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USBport, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one ormore input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of userinterface equipment 1132, WD 1110 can communicate with end users and/orthe wireless network, and allow and/or facilitate them to benefit fromthe functionality described herein.

Auxiliary equipment 1134 is operable to provide more specificfunctionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This cancomprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for variouspurposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wiredcommunications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliaryequipment 1134 can vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.

Power source 1136 can, in some embodiments, be in the form of a batteryor battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external powersource (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or powercells, can also be used. WD 1110 can further comprise power circuitry1137 for delivering power from power source 1136 to the various parts ofWD 1110 which need power from power source 1136 to carry out anyfunctionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 1137 can incertain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry1137 can additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power froman external power source; in which case WD 1110 can be connectable tothe external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via inputcircuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Powercircuitry 1137 can also in certain embodiments be operable to deliverpower from an external power source to power source 1136. This can be,for example, for the charging of power source 1136. Power circuitry 1137can perform any converting or other modification to the power from powersource 1136 to make it suitable for supply to the respective componentsof WD 1110.

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a UE in accordance with variousaspects described herein. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may notnecessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/oroperates the relevant device. Instead, a UE can represent a device thatis intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which maynot, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific humanuser (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE canrepresent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, anend user but which can be associated with or operated for the benefit ofa user (e.g., a smart power meter). UE 1200 can be any UE identified bythe 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-IoT UE,a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.UE 1200, as illustrated in FIG. 12 , is one example of a WD configuredfor communication in accordance with one or more communication standardspromulgated by the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards. As mentioned previously, theterm WD and UE can be used interchangeable. Accordingly, although FIG.12 is a UE, the components discussed herein are equally applicable to aWD, and vice-versa.

In FIG. 12 , UE 1200 includes processing circuitry 1201 that isoperatively coupled to input/output interface 1205, radio frequency (RF)interface 1209, network connection interface 1211, memory 1215 includingrandom access memory (RAM) 1217, read-only memory (ROM) 1219, andstorage medium 1221 or the like, communication subsystem 1231, powersource 1233, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.Storage medium 1221 includes operating system 1223, application program1225, and data 1227. In other embodiments, storage medium 1221 caninclude other similar types of information. Certain UEs can utilize allof the components shown in FIG. 12 , or only a subset of the components.The level of integration between the components can vary from one UE toanother UE. Further, certain UEs can contain multiple instances of acomponent, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers,transmitters, receivers, etc.

In FIG. 12 , processing circuitry 1201 can be configured to processcomputer instructions and data. Processing circuitry 1201 can beconfigured to implement any sequential state machine operative toexecute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computerprograms in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented statemachines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logictogether with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program,general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital SignalProcessor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combinationof the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1201 can include twocentral processing units (CPUs). Data can be information in a formsuitable for use by a computer.

In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 1205 can beconfigured to provide a communication interface to an input device,output device, or input and output device. UE 1200 can be configured touse an output device via input/output interface 1205. An output devicecan use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example,a USB port can be used to provide input to and output from UE 1200. Theoutput device can be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, amonitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another outputdevice, or any combination thereof. UE 1200 can be configured to use aninput device via input/output interface 1205 to allow and/or facilitatea user to capture information into UE 1200. The input device can includea touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., adigital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), amicrophone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, atrackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. Thepresence-sensitive display can include a capacitive or resistive touchsensor to sense input from a user. A sensor can be, for instance, anaccelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, amagnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another likesensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device can bean accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and anoptical sensor.

In FIG. 12 , RF interface 1209 can be configured to provide acommunication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, areceiver, and an antenna. Network connection interface 1211 can beconfigured to provide a communication interface to network 1243 a.Network 1243 a can encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as alocal-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network,a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like networkor any combination thereof. For example, network 1243 a can comprise aWi-Fi network. Network connection interface 1211 can be configured toinclude a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate withone or more other devices over a communication network according to oneor more communication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM,or the like. Network connection interface 1211 can implement receiverand transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication networklinks (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter andreceiver functions can share circuit components, software or firmware,or alternatively can be implemented separately.

RAM 1217 can be configured to interface via bus 1202 to processingcircuitry 1201 to provide storage or caching of data or computerinstructions during the execution of software programs such as theoperating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 1219 canbe configured to provide computer instructions or data to processingcircuitry 1201. For example, ROM 1219 can be configured to storeinvariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions suchas basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokesfrom a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. Storage medium1221 can be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmableread-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magneticdisks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, orflash drives. In one example, storage medium 1221 can be configured toinclude operating system 1223, application program 1225 such as a webbrowser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application,and data file 1227. Storage medium 1221 can store, for use by UE 1200,any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations ofoperating systems.

Storage medium 1221 can be configured to include a number of physicaldrive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppydisk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive,thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc(HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray opticaldisc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive,external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamicrandom access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcardmemory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity(SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storagemedium 1221 can allow and/or facilitate UE 1200 to accesscomputer-executable instructions, application programs or the like,stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data,or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing acommunication system can be tangibly embodied in storage medium 1221,which can comprise a device readable medium.

In FIG. 12 , processing circuitry 1201 can be configured to communicatewith network 1243 b using communication subsystem 1231. Network 1243 aand network 1243 b can be the same network or networks or differentnetwork or networks. Communication subsystem 1231 can be configured toinclude one or more transceivers used to communicate with network 1243b. For example, communication subsystem 1231 can be configured toinclude one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or moreremote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communicationsuch as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN)according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.12,CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver caninclude transmitter 1233 and/or receiver 1235 to implement transmitteror receiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links(e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, transmitter 1233and receiver 1235 of each transceiver can share circuit components,software or firmware, or alternatively can be implemented separately.

In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions ofcommunication subsystem 1231 can include data communication, voicecommunication, multimedia communication, short-range communications suchas Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communicationsuch as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine alocation, another like communication function, or any combinationthereof. For example, communication subsystem 1231 can include cellularcommunication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPScommunication. Network 1243 b can encompass wired and/or wirelessnetworks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN),a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network,another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network1243 b can be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-fieldnetwork. Power source 1213 can be configured to provide alternatingcurrent (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 1200.

The features, benefits and/or functions described herein can beimplemented in one of the components of UE 1200 or partitioned acrossmultiple components of UE 1200. Further, the features, benefits, and/orfunctions described herein can be implemented in any combination ofhardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem1231 can be configured to include any of the components describedherein. Further, processing circuitry 1201 can be configured tocommunicate with any of such components over bus 1202. In anotherexample, any of such components can be represented by programinstructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry1201 perform the corresponding functions described herein. In anotherexample, the functionality of any of such components can be partitionedbetween processing circuitry 1201 and communication subsystem 1231. Inanother example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any ofsuch components can be implemented in software or firmware and thecomputationally intensive functions can be implemented in hardware.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualizationenvironment 1300 in which functions implemented by some embodiments canbe virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creatingvirtual versions of apparatuses or devices which can includevirtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networkingresources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a node(e.g., a virtualized base station, a virtualized radio access node,virtualized core network node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wirelessdevice or any other type of communication device) or components thereofand relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of thefunctionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g.,via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines orcontainers executing on one or more physical processing nodes in one ormore networks).

In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein canbe implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtualmachines implemented in one or more virtual environments 1300 hosted byone or more of hardware nodes 1330. Further, in embodiments in which thevirtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radioconnectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node can beentirely virtualized.

The functions can be implemented by one or more applications 1320 (whichcan alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances,network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.)operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefitsof some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 1320 are runin virtualization environment 1300 which provides hardware 1330comprising processing circuitry 1360 and memory 1390. Memory 1390contains instructions 1395 executable by processing circuitry 1360whereby application 1320 is operative to provide one or more of thefeatures, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.

Virtualization environment 1300, comprises general-purpose orspecial-purpose network hardware devices 1330 comprising a set of one ormore processors or processing circuitry 1360, which can be commercialoff-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application SpecificIntegrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitryincluding digital or analog hardware components or special purposeprocessors. Each hardware device can comprise memory 1390-1 which can benon-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 1395 orsoftware executed by processing circuitry 1360. Each hardware device cancomprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 1370, alsoknown as network interface cards, which include physical networkinterface 1380. Each hardware device can also include non-transitory,persistent, machine-readable storage media 1390-2 having stored thereinsoftware 1395 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry1360. Software 1395 can include any type of software including softwarefor instantiating one or more virtualization layers 1350 (also referredto as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 1340 as well assoftware allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefitsdescribed in relation with some embodiments described herein.

Virtual machines 1340, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory,virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and can be run by acorresponding virtualization layer 1350 or hypervisor. Differentembodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 1320 can be implementedon one or more of virtual machines 1340, and the implementations can bemade in different ways.

During operation, processing circuitry 1360 executes software 1395 toinstantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 1350, which cansometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM).Virtualization layer 1350 can present a virtual operating platform thatappears like networking hardware to virtual machine 1340.

As shown in FIG. 13 , hardware 1330 can be a standalone network nodewith generic or specific components. Hardware 1330 can comprise antenna13225 and can implement some functions via virtualization.Alternatively, hardware 1330 can be part of a larger cluster of hardware(e.g., such as in a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE))where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via managementand orchestration (MANO) 13100, which, among others, oversees lifecyclemanagement of applications 1320.

Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to asnetwork function virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidatemany network equipment types onto industry standard high volume serverhardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be locatedin data centers, and customer premise equipment.

In the context of NFV, virtual machine 1340 can be a softwareimplementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they wereexecuting on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtualmachines 1340, and that part of hardware 1330 that executes that virtualmachine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/orhardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtualmachines 1340, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).

In the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible forhandling specific network functions that run in one or more virtualmachines 1340 on top of hardware networking infrastructure 1330, and cancorrespond to application 1320 in FIG. 13 .

In some embodiments, one or more radio units 13200 that each include oneor more transmitters 13220 and one or more receivers 13210 can becoupled to one or more antennas 13225. Radio units 13200 can communicatedirectly with hardware nodes 1330 via one or more appropriate networkinterfaces and can be used in combination with the virtual components toprovide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio accessnode or a base station.

In some embodiments, some signalling can be affected with the use ofcontrol system 13230 which can alternatively be used for communicationbetween the hardware nodes 1330 and radio units 13200.

With reference to FIG. 14 , in accordance with an embodiment, acommunication system includes telecommunication network 1410, such as a3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises access network 1411, such asa radio access network, and core network 1414. Access network 1411comprises a plurality of base stations 1412 a, 1412 b, 1412 c, such asNBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defininga corresponding coverage area 1413 a, 1413 b, 1413 c. Each base station1412 a, 1412 b, 1412 c is connectable to core network 1414 over a wiredor wireless connection 1415. A first UE 1491 located in coverage area1413 c can be configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, thecorresponding base station 1412 c. A second UE 1492 in coverage area1413 a is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 1412a. While a plurality of UEs 1491, 1492 are illustrated in this example,the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where asole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the

Telecommunication network 1410 is itself connected to host computer1430, which can be embodied in the hardware and/or software of astandalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server oras processing resources in a server farm. Host computer 1430 can beunder the ownership or control of a service provider, or can be operatedby the service provider or on behalf of the service provider.Connections 1421 and 1422 between telecommunication network 1410 andhost computer 1430 can extend directly from core network 1414 to hostcomputer 1430 or can go via an optional intermediate network 1420.Intermediate network 1420 can be one of, or a combination of more thanone of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network 1420,if any, can be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular,intermediate network 1420 can comprise two or more sub-networks (notshown).

The communication system of FIG. 14 as a whole enables connectivitybetween the connected UEs 1491, 1492 and host computer 1430. Theconnectivity can be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 1450.Host computer 1430 and the connected UEs 1491, 1492 are configured tocommunicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection 1450, using accessnetwork 1411, core network 1414, any intermediate network 1420 andpossible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. OTTconnection 1450 can be transparent in the sense that the participatingcommunication devices through which OTT connection 1450 passes areunaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example,base station 1412 may not or need not be informed about the past routingof an incoming downlink communication with data originating from hostcomputer 1430 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE1491. Similarly, base station 1412 need not be aware of the futurerouting of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE 1491towards the host computer 1430.

Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE,base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphswill now be described with reference to FIG. 15 . In communicationsystem 1500, host computer 1510 comprises hardware 1515 includingcommunication interface 1516 configured to set up and maintain a wiredor wireless connection with an interface of a different communicationdevice of communication system 1500. Host computer 1510 furthercomprises processing circuitry 1518, which can have storage and/orprocessing capabilities. In particular, processing circuitry 1518 cancomprise one or more programmable processors, application-specificintegrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations ofthese (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Host computer 1510further comprises software 1511, which is stored in or accessible byhost computer 1510 and executable by processing circuitry 1518. Software1511 includes host application 1512. Host application 1512 can beoperable to provide a service to a remote user, such as UE 1530connecting via OTT connection 1550 terminating at UE 1530 and hostcomputer 1510. In providing the service to the remote user, hostapplication 1512 can provide user data which is transmitted using OTTconnection 1550.

Communication system 1500 can also include base station 1520 provided ina telecommunication system and comprising hardware 1525 enabling it tocommunicate with host computer 1510 and with UE 1530. Hardware 1525 caninclude communication interface 1526 for setting up and maintaining awired or wireless connection with an interface of a differentcommunication device of communication system 1500, as well as radiointerface 1527 for setting up and maintaining at least wirelessconnection 1570 with UE 1530 located in a coverage area (not shown inFIG. 15 ) served by base station 1520. Communication interface 1526 canbe configured to facilitate connection 1560 to host computer 1510.Connection 1560 can be direct or it can pass through a core network (notshown in FIG. 15 ) of the telecommunication system and/or through one ormore intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In theembodiment shown, hardware 1525 of base station 1520 can also includeprocessing circuitry 1528, which can comprise one or more programmableprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmablegate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to executeinstructions. Base station 1520 further has software 1521 storedinternally or accessible via an external connection.

Communication system 1500 can also include UE 1530 already referred to.Its hardware 1535 can include radio interface 1537 configured to set upand maintain wireless connection 1570 with a base station serving acoverage area in which UE 1530 is currently located. Hardware 1535 of UE1530 can also include processing circuitry 1538, which can comprise oneor more programmable processors, application-specific integratedcircuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (notshown) adapted to execute instructions. UE 1530 further comprisessoftware 1531, which is stored in or accessible by UE 1530 andexecutable by processing circuitry 1538. Software 1531 includes clientapplication 1532. Client application 1532 can be operable to provide aservice to a human or non-human user via UE 1530, with the support ofhost computer 1510. In host computer 1510, an executing host application1512 can communicate with the executing client application 1532 via OTTconnection 1550 terminating at UE 1530 and host computer 1510. Inproviding the service to the user, client application 1532 can receiverequest data from host application 1512 and provide user data inresponse to the request data. OTT connection 1550 can transfer both therequest data and the user data. Client application 1532 can interactwith the user to generate the user data that it provides.

It is noted that host computer 1510, base station 1520 and UE 1530illustrated in FIG. 15 can be similar or identical to host computer1430, one of base stations 1412 a, 1412 b, 1412 c and one of UEs 1491,1492 of FIG. 14 , respectively. This is to say, the inner workings ofthese entities can be as shown in FIG. 15 and independently, thesurrounding network topology can be that of FIG. 14 .

In FIG. 15 , OTT connection 1550 has been drawn abstractly to illustratethe communication between host computer 1510 and UE 1530 via basestation 1520, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices andthe precise routing of messages via these devices. Networkinfrastructure can determine the routing, which it can be configured tohide from UE 1530 or from the service provider operating host computer1510, or both. While OTT connection 1550 is active, the networkinfrastructure can further take decisions by which it dynamicallychanges the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing considerationor reconfiguration of the network).

Wireless connection 1570 between UE 1530 and base station 1520 is inaccordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve theperformance of OTT services provided to UE 1530 using OTT connection1550, in which wireless connection 1570 forms the last segment. Moreprecisely, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein can improveflexibility for the network to monitor end-to-end quality-of-service(QoS) of data flows, including their corresponding radio bearers,associated with data sessions between a user equipment (UE) and anotherentity, such as an OTT data application or service external to the 5Gnetwork. These and other advantages can facilitate more timely design,implementation, and deployment of 5G/NR solutions. Furthermore, suchembodiments can facilitate flexible and timely control of data sessionQoS, which can lead to improvements in capacity, throughput, latency,etc. that are envisioned by 5G/NR and important for the growth of OTTservices.

A measurement procedure can be provided for the purpose of monitoringdata rate, latency and other network operational aspects on which theone or more embodiments improve. There can further be an optionalnetwork functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 1550 between hostcomputer 1510 and UE 1530, in response to variations in the measurementresults. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality forreconfiguring OTT connection 1550 can be implemented in software 1511and hardware 1515 of host computer 1510 or in software 1531 and hardware1535 of UE 1530, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) can bedeployed in or in association with communication devices through whichOTT connection 1550 passes; the sensors can participate in themeasurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantitiesexemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities fromwhich software 1511, 1531 can compute or estimate the monitoredquantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection 1550 can include messageformat, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; thereconfiguring need not affect base station 1520, and it can be unknownor imperceptible to base station 1520. Such procedures andfunctionalities can be known and practiced in the art. In certainembodiments, measurements can involve proprietary UE signalingfacilitating host computer 1510's measurements of throughput,propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements can beimplemented in that software 1511 and 1531 causes messages to betransmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTTconnection 1550 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedureimplemented in a communication system, in accordance with oneembodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a basestation and a UE which, in some exemplary embodiments, can be thosedescribed with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 . For simplicity of thepresent disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 16 will be includedin this section. In step 1610, the host computer provides user data. Insubstep 1611 (which can be optional) of step 1610, the host computerprovides the user data by executing a host application. In step 1620,the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to theUE. In step 1630 (which can be optional), the base station transmits tothe UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the hostcomputer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodimentsdescribed throughout this disclosure. In step 1640 (which can also beoptional), the UE executes a client application associated with the hostapplication executed by the host computer.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedureimplemented in a communication system, in accordance with oneembodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a basestation and a UE which can be those described with reference to FIGS. 14and 15 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawingreferences to FIG. 17 will be included in this section. In step 1710 ofthe method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional substep(not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a hostapplication. In step 1720, the host computer initiates a transmissioncarrying the user data to the UE. The transmission can pass via the basestation, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments describedthroughout this disclosure. In step 1730 (which can be optional), the UEreceives the user data carried in the transmission.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedureimplemented in a communication system, in accordance with oneembodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a basestation and a UE which can be those described with reference to FIGS. 14and 15 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawingreferences to FIG. 18 will be included in this section. In step 1810(which can be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the hostcomputer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 1820, the UE providesuser data. In substep 1821 (which can be optional) of step 1820, the UEprovides the user data by executing a client application. In substep1811 (which can be optional) of step 1810, the UE executes a clientapplication which provides the user data in reaction to the receivedinput data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data,the executed client application can further consider user input receivedfrom the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user datawas provided, the UE initiates, in substep 1830 (which can be optional),transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 1840 of themethod, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from theUE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments describedthroughout this disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method and/or procedureimplemented in a communication system, in accordance with oneembodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a basestation and a UE which can be those described with reference to FIGS. 14and 15 . For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawingreferences to FIG. 19 will be included in this section. In step 1910(which can be optional), in accordance with the teachings of theembodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base stationreceives user data from the UE. In step 1920 (which can be optional),the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to thehost computer. In step 1930 (which can be optional), the host computerreceives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the basestation.

The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the disclosure.Various modifications and alterations to the described embodiments willbe apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein.It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be ableto devise numerous systems, arrangements, and procedures that, althoughnot explicitly shown or described herein, embody the principles of thedisclosure and can be thus within the spirit and scope of thedisclosure. Various exemplary embodiments can be used together with oneanother, as well as interchangeably therewith, as should be understoodby those having ordinary skill in the art.

The term unit, as used herein, can have conventional meaning in thefield of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices andcan include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry,devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/ordiscrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying outrespective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displayingfunctions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.

Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefitsdisclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional unitsor modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatusmay comprise a number of these functional units. These functional unitsmay be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one ormore microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digitalhardware, which may include Digital Signal Processor (DSPs),special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitrymay be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which mayinclude one or several types of memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM),Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, opticalstorage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes programinstructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or datacommunications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one ormore of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, theprocessing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unitto perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

As described herein, device and/or apparatus can be represented by asemiconductor chip, a chipset, or a (hardware) module comprising suchchip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that afunctionality of a device or apparatus, instead of being hardwareimplemented, be implemented as a software module such as a computerprogram or a computer program product comprising executable softwarecode portions for execution or being run on a processor. Furthermore,functionality of a device or apparatus can be implemented by anycombination of hardware and software. A device or apparatus can also beregarded as an assembly of multiple devices and/or apparatuses, whetherfunctionally in cooperation with or independently of each other.Moreover, devices and apparatuses can be implemented in a distributedfashion throughout a system, so long as the functionality of the deviceor apparatus is preserved. Such and similar principles are considered asknown to a skilled person.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It willbe further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted ashaving a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context ofthis specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted inan idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

In addition, certain terms used in the present disclosure, including thespecification, drawings and exemplary embodiments thereof, can be usedsynonymously in certain instances, including, but not limited to, e.g.,data and information. It should be understood that, while these wordsand/or other words that can be synonymous to one another, can be usedsynonymously herein, that there can be instances when such words can beintended to not be used synonymously. Further, to the extent that theprior art knowledge has not been explicitly incorporated by referenceherein above, it is explicitly incorporated herein in its entirety. Allpublications referenced are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

Example embodiments of the techniques and apparatus described hereininclude, but are not limited to, the following enumerated examples:

1. A method for a user equipment (UE) to advertise UE capabilities to anetwork node in a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising:

-   -   transmitting, to the network node, information describing a        plurality of feature sets supported by the UE, the information        comprising:        -   one or more InitialFeatureLists, each InitialFeatureList            comprising one or more non-extensible InitialFeatureSet            elements, each non-extensible InitialFeatureSet element            indicating the UE's support for one or more initial            features;        -   one or more ExtensionFeatureLists, wherein:            -   each ExtensionFeatureList is associated with a                particular InitialFeatureList; and            -   each ExtensionFeatureList comprises one or more                ExtensionFeatureSet elements, each InitialFeatureSet                element indicating the UE's support for one or more                extension features;    -   transmitting, to the network node, one or more BandCombination        elements, wherein each BandCombination element comprises:        -   a list of frequency bands in which the UE is simultaneously            operable to transmit and/or receive information; and        -   for each particular frequency band comprising the list, a            further list of one or more FeatureSetIdentifiers, wherein            each FeatureSetIdentifer corresponds to a particular            InitialFeatureSet element and an associated            ExtensionFeatureSet element that describe features supported            by the UE when operating in the particular frequency band.            2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein each            InitialFeatureSet element and the associated            ExtensionFeatureSet element identify features supported by            the UE with respect to a single component carrier (CC).            3. The method of embodiment 1, wherein each            InitialFeatureSet element and the associated            ExtensionFeatureSet element identify features supported by            the UE with respect to an entire frequency band.            4. The method of any of embodiments 1-3, wherein each            InitialFeatureSet element and the associated            ExtensionFeatureSet element identify features related to one            of uplink operation and downlink operation.            5. The method of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein an            ExtensionFeatureSet at a particular position in an            ExtensionFeatureList corresponds to an InitialFeatureSet at            the same particular position in an InitialFeatureList.            6. The method of any of embodiments 1-5, wherein:    -   each BandCombination element comprises an identifier of a        particular FeatureSetCombination associated with the combination        of the plurality of frequency bands comprising the list; and    -   the particular FeatureSetCombination comprises the one or more        FeatureSetIdentifiers comprising the further list.        7. A method for a network node, operable in a radio access        network (RAN), to receive capabilities advertised by a user        equipment (UE), the method comprising:    -   receiving, from the UE, information describing a plurality of        feature sets supported by the UE, the information comprising:        -   one or more InitialFeatureLists, each InitialFeatureList            comprising one or more non-extensible InitialFeatureSet            elements, each non-extensible InitialFeatureSet element            indicating the UE's support for one or more initial            features;        -   one or more ExtensionFeatureLists, wherein:            -   each ExtensionFeatureList is associated with a                particular InitialFeatureList; and            -   each ExtensionFeatureList comprises one or more                ExtensionFeatureSet elements, each InitialFeatureSet                element indicating the UE's support for one or more                extension features;    -   receiving, from the UE, one or more BandCombination elements,        wherein each BandCombination element comprises:        -   a list of frequency bands in which the UE is simultaneously            operable to transmit and/or receive information; and        -   for each particular frequency band comprising the list, a            further list of one or more FeatureSetIdentifiers, wherein            each FeatureSetIdentifer corresponds to a particular            InitialFeatureSet element and an associated            ExtensionFeatureSet element that describe features supported            by the UE when operating in the particular frequency band.    -   determining the UE's capabilities based on the received one or        more BandCombination elements and the received information        describing the plurality of feature sets supported by the UE.        8. The method of embodiment 7, wherein each InitialFeatureSet        element and the associated ExtensionFeatureSet element identify        features supported by the UE with respect to a single component        carrier (CC).        9. The method of embodiment 7, wherein each InitialFeatureSet        element and the associated ExtensionFeatureSet element identify        features supported by the UE with respect to an entire frequency        band.        10. The method of any of embodiments 7-9, wherein each        InitialFeatureSet element and the associated ExtensionFeatureSet        element identify features related to one of uplink operation and        downlink operation.        11. The method of any of embodiments 7-10, wherein an        ExtensionFeatureSet at a particular position in an        ExtensionFeatureList corresponds to an InitialFeatureSet at the        same particular position in an InitialFeatureList.        12. The method of any of embodiments 7-11, wherein:    -   each BandCombination element comprises an identifier of a        particular FeatureSetCombination associated with the combination        of the plurality of frequency bands comprising the list; and    -   the particular FeatureSetCombination comprises the one or more        FeatureSetIdentifiers comprising the further list.        13. The method of any of embodiments 7-12, wherein if the        network node does not support an ExtensionFeatureSet element        corresponding to a particular FeatureSetIdentifier, determining        the UE's capabilities based on the InitialFeatureSet element        corresponding to the particular FeatureSetIdentifier but not on        the associated ExtensionFeatureSet element.        14. A wireless device configurable to advertise the device's        capabilities to a network node in a radio access network (RAN),        the wireless device comprising:    -   processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of        any of embodiments 1-6; and    -   power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the        wireless device.        15. A network node operable in a radio access network (RAN) and        configurable to receive capabilities advertised by a user        equipment (UE), the network node comprising:    -   processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of        any of embodiments 7-13; and    -   power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the base        station.        16. A user equipment (UE) configurable to advertise the UE's        capabilities to a network node in a radio access network (RAN),        the UE comprising:

an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals;

radio front-end circuitry operably coupled to the antenna;

processing circuitry operably coupled to the radio front-end circuitryand configured to perform any of the steps of any of embodiments 1-6;

an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configuredto allow input of information to be processed by the processingcircuitry;

an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configuredto output information that has been processed by the processingcircuitry; and

a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supplypower to the UE.

17. A communication system including a host computer comprising:

-   -   processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and    -   a communication interface configured to forward the user data to        a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE),        wherein the cellular network comprises a base station having a        radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station's        processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations        comprising embodiments 7-13.        18. The communication system of the previous embodiment further        including the base station.        19. The communication system of the previous two embodiments,        further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to        perform operations corresponding to any of embodiments 1-6.        20. The communication system of the previous three embodiments,        wherein:    -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to        execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and    -   the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a        client application associated with the host application.        21. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment (UE), the        method comprising:    -   at the host computer, providing user data; and    -   at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the        user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base        station, wherein the base station performs any of the operations        comprising any of embodiments 7-13.        22. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising,        at the base station, transmitting the user data.        23. The method of the previous two embodiments, wherein the user        data is provided at the host computer by executing a host        application, the method further comprising, at the UE, executing        a client application associated with the host application.        24. A User Equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a base        station, the UE comprising a radio interface and processing        circuitry configured to perform any of the methods of the        previous three embodiments.        25. A communication system including a host computer comprising:    -   processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and    -   a communication interface configured to forward user data to a        cellular network for transmission to a User Equipment (UE),        wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing        circuitry, operably coupled and configured to perform any of the        operations of any of embodiments 1-6.        26. The communication system of the previous embodiment, wherein        the cellular network further includes a base station configured        to communicate with the UE.        27. The communication system of the previous two embodiments,        wherein:    -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to        execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and    -   the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client        application associated with the host application.        28. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station, and a User equipment (UE) the        method comprising:

at the host computer, providing user data; and

at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user datato the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, whereinthe UE performs any of the steps of any of embodiments 1-6.

29. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the UE,receiving the user data from the base station.30. A communication system including a host computer comprising:

-   -   communication interface configured to receive user data        originating from a transmission from a User equipment (UE) to a        base station;    -   wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing        circuitry, the UE's processing circuitry configured to perform        any of the operations of any of embodiments 1-6.        31. The communication system of the previous embodiment, further        including the UE.        32. The communication system of the previous two embodiments,        further including the base station, wherein the base station        comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the        UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the        host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the        UE to the base station.        33. The communication system of the previous three embodiments,        wherein:    -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to        execute a host application; and    -   the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client        application associated with the host application, thereby        providing the user data.        34. The communication system of the previous four embodiments,        wherein:    -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to        execute a host application, thereby providing request data; and    -   the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a client        application associated with the host application, thereby        providing the user data in response to the request data.        35. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station, and a User equipment (UE) the        method comprising:    -   at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the        base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the        operations of any of embodiments 1-6.        36. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising,        at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.        37. The method of the previous two embodiments, further        comprising:    -   at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing the        user data to be transmitted; and    -   at the host computer, executing a host application associated        with the client application.        38. The method of the previous three embodiments, further        comprising:    -   at the UE, executing a client application; and    -   at the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the        input data being provided at the host computer by executing a        host application associated with the client application;    -   wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the        client application in response to the input data.        39. A communication system including a host computer comprising        a communication interface configured to receive user data        originating from a transmission from a User equipment (UE) to a        base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio        interface and processing circuitry, the base station's        processing circuitry is configured to perform operations of any        of embodiments 7-13.        40. The communication system of the previous embodiment further        including the base station.        41. The communication system of the previous two embodiments,        further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to        communicate with the base station.        42. The communication system of the previous three embodiments,        wherein:    -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to        execute a host application; and    -   the UE is configured to execute a client application associated        with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be        received by the host computer.        43. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station, and a User equipment (UE) the        method comprising:    -   at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user        data originating from a transmission which the base station has        received from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps        of any of embodiments 1-6.        44. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at        the base station, receiving the user data from the UE.        45. The method of the previous two embodiments, further        comprising at the base station, initiating a transmission of the        received user data to the host computer.        46. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing        computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least        one processor comprising a user equipment (UE), configure the UE        to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods of        embodiments 1-6.        47. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing        computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least        one processor comprising a network node, configure the network        node to perform operations corresponding to any of the methods        of embodiments 7-13.

1. A method for a user equipment (UE) to advertise UE capabilities to a network node in a radio access network (RAN), the method comprising: transmitting, to the network node, one or more BandCombination elements, wherein each BandCombination element includes: a list of frequency bands in which the UE can concurrently transmit and/or receive information, and a FeatureSetCombination element that identifies features supported by the UE within each frequency band of the list; and receiving, from the network node, a configuration including: identification of one or more frequency bands from the list included in a particular one of the BandCombination elements, and for each identified frequency band, configuration of one or more features identified by the FeatureSetCombination element included in the particular BandCombination element.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each FeatureSetCombination element identifies features supported by the UE within each frequency band of the list based on one or more InitialFeatureLists and one or more ExtensionFeatureLists,
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein: each InitialFeatureList indicates the UE's support for one or more initial features; each ExtensionFeatureList indicates the UE's support for one or more extension features; and each one of the InitialFeatureLists is associated with a corresponding one of the ExtensionFeatureLists.
 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising transmitting to the network node the one or more InitialFeatureLists and the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists,
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the received configuration includes, for each identified frequency band, configuration of features identified by the FeatureSetCombination element based on one of the following: the one or more InitialFeatureLists; or the one or more InitialFeatureLists and the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein each FeatureSetCombination element identifies the following for each frequency band of the list: one element of each InitialFeatureList, and one corresponding element of each associated ExtensionFeatureList.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein each element of each InitialFeatureList and each corresponding element of each associated ExtensionFeatureList identify features supported by the UE with respect to one or more of the following: a frequency band; and individual component carriers within a frequency band.
 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more InitialFeatureLists include a first InitialFeatureList associated with downlink operation and a second InitialFeatureList associated with uplink operation.
 9. The method of claim 2, wherein, for each particular frequency band included in the list of frequency bands: the FeatureSetCombination element includes one or more FeatureSetIdentifiers for that particular frequency band; and each FeatureSetIdentifier is related to a particular InitialFeatureList and to an associated ExtensionFeatureList for that particular frequency band; and each FeatureSetIdentifier identifies a particular element of the related InitialFeatureList and a corresponding element of the related ExtensionFeatureList.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more FeatureSetIdentifiers, for each particular frequency band, include a first FeatureSetIdentifier associated with downlink operation and a second FeatureSetIdentifier associated with uplink operation.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein: the received configuration identifies a plurality of frequency bands and includes configuration for at least one of dual connectivity (DC) and carrier aggregation (CA) using the plurality of frequency bands; and the method further comprises transmitting or receiving information with the network node using at least one of DC and CA in the plurality of frequency bands according to the received configuration.
 12. A method for a network node of a radio access network (RAN) to configure a user equipment (UE) based on UE capabilities, the method comprising: receiving, from the UE, one or more BandCombination elements, wherein each BandCombination element includes: a list of frequency bands in which the UE can concurrently transmit and/or receive information, and a FeatureSetCombination element that identifies features supported by the UE within each frequency band of the list; and transmitting to the UE a configuration including: identification of one or more frequency bands from the list included in a particular one of the BandCombination elements, and for each identified frequency band, configuration of one or more features identified by the FeatureSetCombination element included in the particular BandCombination element.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each FeatureSetCombination element identifies features supported by the UE within each frequency band of the list based on one or more InitialFeatureLists and one or more ExtensionFeatureLists,
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein: each InitialFeatureList indicates the UE's support for one or more initial features; each ExtensionFeatureList indicates the UE's support for one or more extension features; and each one of the InitialFeatureLists is associated with a corresponding one of the ExtensionFeatureLists.
 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising, for each particular frequency band of the lists included in the one or more BandCombination elements: determining the UE's capabilities for the particular frequency band based on the one or more InitialFeatureLists and the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists when the network node supports features identified by the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists; and determining the UE's capabilities for the particular frequency band based only on the one or more InitialFeatureLists when the network node does not support features identified by the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists.
 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving from the UE the one or more InitialFeatureLists and the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists,
 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitted configuration includes, for each identified frequency band, configuration of features identified by the FeatureSetCombination element based on one of the following: the one or more InitialFeatureLists; or the one or more InitialFeatureLists and the one or more ExtensionFeatureLists.
 18. The method of claim 13, wherein each FeatureSetCombination element identifies the following for each frequency band of the list: one element of each InitialFeatureList, and one corresponding element of each associated ExtensionFeatureList.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein each element of each InitialFeatureList and each corresponding element of each associated ExtensionFeatureList identify features supported by the UE with respect to one or more of the following: a frequency band; and individual component carriers within a frequency band.
 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more InitialFeatureLists include a first InitialFeatureList associated with downlink operation and a second InitialFeatureList associated with uplink operation.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein, for each particular frequency band included in the list of frequency bands: the FeatureSetCombination element includes one or more FeatureSetIdentifiers for that particular frequency band; and each FeatureSetIdentifier is related to a particular InitialFeatureList and to an associated ExtensionFeatureList for that particular frequency band; and each FeatureSetIdentifier identifies a particular element of the related InitialFeatureList and a corresponding element of the related ExtensionFeatureList.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more FeatureSetIdentifiers, for each particular frequency band, include a first FeatureSetIdentifier associated with downlink operation and a second FeatureSetIdentifier associated with uplink operation.
 23. The method of claim 12, wherein: the transmitted configuration identifies a plurality of frequency bands and includes configuration for at least one of dual connectivity (DC) and carrier aggregation (CA) using the plurality of frequency bands; and the method further comprises transmitting or receiving information with the UE using at least one of DC and CA in the plurality of frequency bands according to the transmitted configuration.
 24. A user equipment (UE) configured to advertise UE capabilities to a network node in a radio access network (RAN), the UE comprising: radio interface circuitry configured to communicate with the network node; and processing circuitry operably coupled to the radio interface circuitry, whereby the processing circuitry and the radio interface circuitry are configured to perform operations corresponding to the method of claim
 1. 25. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry of a user equipment (UE) configured to advertise UE capabilities to a network node in a radio access network (RAN), configure the user equipment to perform operations corresponding to the method of claim
 1. 26. A network node of a radio access network (RAN), the network node being arranged to configure a user equipment (UE) based on UE capabilities, the network node comprising: radio interface circuitry operable to communicate with the UE; and processing circuitry operably coupled to the radio interface circuitry, whereby the processing circuitry and the radio interface circuitry are configured to perform operations corresponding to the method of claim
 12. 27. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry of a network node of a radio access network (RAN), configure the network node to perform operations corresponding to the method of claim
 12. 